エレファント・ビジュアライザー調査記録

ビジュアルプログラミングで数式の変形を表すことを考えていくブロクです。

ビジュアルプログラミング(6)

環の演算(2)

数学とソフトウェアのページ」の「環の演算」の操作例の続きです。

両辺が同じ  a + b = a + b a * b = a * b は必要ないはずなので改善すべきなのですが今はこのままとします。なぜこうなっているのか詳しいことはわからなくなってしまったのですが、以下のような理由のようです。将来的には改善しようとしていったんこのような仕様にしたものが、そのままになっているのかもしれません。

第2の等式の左辺(左辺から右辺に変換する場合)が第1の等式の右辺(左辺から右辺に変換する場合)の一部分になっているときに等式を組み合わせることができるようになっています。どちらも他方の一部分になっていない場合は直接組み合わせることができないため、いったん  a + b = a + b a * b = a * b と組み合わせて一方の式が他方の一部分になるようにする必要があります。

(1) 環

(1)のボタンを押して表示される等式からの操作の例です。

(1-1-1)  a * b = a * 0 + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a = a \\
 a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * b = a * 0 + a * b

(1-1-2)  0 = a * 0 + a * b + - a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + - a = 0 \\
 a * b = a * 0 + a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 = a * 0 + a * b + - a * b

(1-1-3)  a * 0 + 0 = 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a + - a = 0 \\
 0 = a * 0 + a * b + - a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * 0 + 0 = 0

(1-1-4)  a * 0 = 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a + 0 = a \\
 a * 0 + 0 = 0
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * 0 = 0

(1-2-1)  a * b = 0 * b + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a = a \\
 (a + b) * c = a * c + b * c
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * b = 0 * b + a * b

(1-2-2)  0 = 0 * a + b * a + - b * a

 \begin{matrix}
 a + - a = 0 \\
 a * b = 0 * b + a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 = 0 * a + b * a + - b * a

(1-2-3)  0 * a + 0 = 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a + - a = 0 \\
 0 = 0 * a + b * a + - b * a
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 * a + 0 = 0

(1-2-4)  0 * a = 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a + 0 = a \\
 0 * a + 0 = 0
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 * a = 0

(1-3-1)  a * 0 = a * (- b) + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 - a + a = 0 \\
 a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * 0 = a * (- b) + a * b

(1-3-2)  a * 0 + b = a * (- c) + a * c + b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + b = a + b \\
 a * 0 = a * (- b) + a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * 0 + b = a * (- c) + a * c + b

(1-3-3)  a * (- b) + 0 = a * 0 + - a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + - a = 0 \\
 a * 0 + b = a * (- c) + a * c + b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * (- b) + 0 = a * 0 + - a * b

(1-3-4)  a * (- b) = a * 0 + - a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + 0 = a \\
 a * (- b) + 0 = a * 0 + - a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 a * (- b) = a * 0 + - a * b

(1-3-5)  0 + - a * b = a * (- b)

 \begin{matrix}
 a * 0 = 0 \\
 a * (- b) = a * 0 + - a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 + - a * b = a * (- b)

(1-3-6)  - a * b = a * (- b)

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a = a \\
 0 + - a * b = a * (- b)
\end{matrix} \implies 
 - a * b = a * (- b)

(1-4-1)  0 * a = (- b) * a + b * a

 \begin{matrix}
 - a + a = 0 \\
 (a + b) * c = a * c + b * c
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 * a = (- b) * a + b * a

(1-4-2)  0 * a + b = (- c) * a + c * a + b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + b = a + b \\
 0 * a = (- b) * a + b * a
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 * a + b = (- c) * a + c * a + b

(1-4-3)  (- a) * b + 0 = 0 * b + - a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + - a = 0 \\
 0 * a + b = (- c) * a + c * a + b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 (- a) * b + 0 = 0 * b + - a * b

(1-4-4)  (- a) * b = 0 * b + - a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + 0 = a \\
 (- a) * b + 0 = 0 * b + - a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 (- a) * b = 0 * b + - a * b

(1-4-5)  0 + - a * b = (- a) * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 * a = 0 \\
 (- a) * b = 0 * b + - a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 0 + - a * b = (- a) * b

(1-4-6)  - a * b = (- a) * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a = a \\
 0 + - a * b = (- a) * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
 - a * b = (- a) * b

(1-5-1)  a * (b + c) + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c)

 \begin{matrix}
 a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c \\
 (a + b) * c = a * c + b * c
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * (b + c) + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c)

(1-5-2)  a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c)

 \begin{matrix}
 a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c \\
 a * (b + c) + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c)
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c)

(1-5-3)  a * (- b) + a * b + c * (- b) + c * b = (a + c) * 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c) \\
 - a + a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * (- b) + a * b + c * (- b) + c * b = (a + c) * 0

(1-5-4)  (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + a * (- b) + a * b = 0 * 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a * (- b) + a * b + c * (- b) + c * b = (a + c) * 0 \\
 - a + a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	(- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + a * (- b) + a * b = 0 * 0

(1-5-5)  (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + a * (- b) + a * b = 0

 \begin{matrix}
 (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + a * (- b) + a * b = 0 * 0 \\
 0 * a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	(- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + a * (- b) + a * b = 0

(1-5-6)  0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + - a * b + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + a * (- b) + a * b = 0 \\
 a * (-b) = -a * b
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + - a * b + a * b

(1-5-7)  0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + 0

 \begin{matrix}
 0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + - a * b + a * b \\
 - a + a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + 0

(1-5-8)  0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b + 0 \\
 a + 0 = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b

(1-5-9)  0 = (- a) * (- b) + - a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 = (- a) * (- b) + (- a) * b \\
 (-a) * b = -a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
	0 = (- a) * (- b) + - a * b

(1-5-10)  0 + a = (- b) * (- c) + - b * c + a

 \begin{matrix}
 a + b = a + b \\
 0 = (- a) * (- b) + - a * b
\end{matrix} \implies 
	0 + a = (- b) * (- c) + - b * c + a

(1-5-11)  0 + a * b = (- a) * (- b) + 0

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a = (- b) * (- c) + - b * c + a \\
 - a + a = 0
\end{matrix} \implies 
	0 + a * b = (- a) * (- b) + 0

(1-5-12)  (- a) * (- b) + 0 = a * b

 \begin{matrix}
0 + a * b = (- a) * (- b) + 0 \\
0 + a = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	(- a) * (- b) + 0 = a * b

(1-5-13)  a * b = (- a) * (- b)

 \begin{matrix}
 (- a) * (- b) + 0 = a * b \\
 a + 0 = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	a * b = (- a) * (- b)

(2) 単位元をもつ環

(2)のボタンを押して表示される等式からの操作の例です。

(2-1-1)  a * (b + c) + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c),  (a + b) * (c + d) = (a + b) * c + a * d + b * d

 \begin{matrix}
 a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c \\
 (a + b) * c = a * c + b * c
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
\begin{matrix}
	a * (b + c) + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c) \\
	(a + b) * (c + d) = (a + b) * c + a * d + b * d
\end{matrix}

(2-1-2)  (a + b) * (c + d) = a * c + a * d + b * c + b * d

 \begin{matrix}
 a * (b + c) + d * b + d * c = (a + d) * (b + c) \\
 a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	(a + b) * (c + d) = a * c + a * d + b * c + b * d

(2-1-3)  (a + b) * (c + d) = a * c + b * c + a * d + b * d

 \begin{matrix}
 (a + b) * (c + d) = (a + b) * c + a * d + b * d \\
 (a + b) * c = a * c + b * c
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	(a + b) * (c + d) = a * c + b * c + a * d + b * d

(2-1-4)  a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c = a * b + d * b + a * c + d * c

 \begin{matrix}
 (a + b) * (c + d) = a * c + a * d + b * c + b * d \\
 (a + b) * (c + d) = a * c + b * c + a * d + b * d
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c = a * b + d * b + a * c + d * c

(2-1-5)  a * b + c * b + a * d + c * d + e = a * b + a * d + c * b + c * d + e

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c = a * b + d * b + a * c + d * c \\
 a + b = a + b
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + c * b + a * d + c * d + e = a * b + a * d + c * b + c * d + e

(2-1-6)  a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c + - d * c = a * b + d * b + a * c + 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + c * b + a * d + c * d + e = a * b + a * d + c * b + c * d + e \\
 a + - a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c + - d * c = a * b + d * b + a * c + 0

(2-1-7)  a * b + c * b + a * d + 0 = a * b + a * d + c * b + 0

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + a * c + d * b + d * c + - d * c = a * b + d * b + a * c + 0 \\
 a + - a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + c * b + a * d + 0 = a * b + a * d + c * b + 0

(2-1-8)  a * b + a * c + d * b + 0 = a * b + d * b + a * c

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + c * b + a * d + 0 = a * b + a * d + c * b + 0 \\
 a + 0 = a
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + a * c + d * b + 0 = a * b + d * b + a * c

(2-1-9)  a * b + c * b + a * d = a * b + a * d + c * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + a * c + d * b + 0 = a * b + d * b + a * c \\
 a + 0 = a
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + c * b + a * d = a * b + a * d + c * b

(2-1-10)  a + b * c + b * d + e * c = a + b * c + e * c + b * d

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + c * b + a * d = a * b + a * d + c * b \\
 a + b = a + b
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a + b * c + b * d + e * c = a + b * c + e * c + b * d

(2-1-11)  - a * b + a * b + c * b + a * d = 0 + a * d + c * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a + b * c + b * d + e * c = a + b * c + e * c + b * d \\
 - a + a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	- a * b + a * b + c * b + a * d = 0 + a * d + c * b

(2-1-12)  0 + a * b + c * d = 0 + c * d + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 - a * b + a * b + c * b + a * d = 0 + a * d + c * b \\
 - a + a = 0
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	0 + a * b + c * d = 0 + c * d + a * b

(2-1-13)  0 + a * b + c * d = c * d + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a * b + c * d = 0 + c * d + a * b \\
 0 + a = a
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	0 + a * b + c * d = c * d + a * b

(2-1-14)  a * b + c * d = c * d + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 0 + a * b + c * d = c * d + a * b \\
 0 + a = a
\end{matrix} \\ \implies 
	a * b + c * d = c * d + a * b

(2-2-1)  a * 1 + b * c = b * c + a

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + c * d = c * d + a * b \\
 a * 1 = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	a * 1 + b * c = b * c + a

(2-2-2)  a * b + c = c + a * b

 \begin{matrix}
 a * 1 + b * c = b * c + a \\
 a * 1 = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	a * b + c = c + a * b

(2-2-3)  a + b * 1 = b + a

 \begin{matrix}
 a * b + c = c + a * b \\
 a * 1 = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	a + b * 1 = b + a

(2-2-4)  a + b = b + a

 \begin{matrix}
 a + b * 1 = b + a \\
 a * 1 = a
\end{matrix} \implies 
	a + b = b + a